2016

Miguel F. P. de Figueiredo. We jail too many people and it costs too much. Incarceration is not only expensive, it also is prone to “hardening” and negative peer learning effects that may increase recidivism. With local, state, and federal budgets at a breaking point, politicians and regulators are increasingly considering alternative approaches to preventing crime. Yet, they face a problem. Studies show that incapacitation is a successful way of reducing crime, yet most scholars and policymakers think that the only way to incapacitate is to incarcerate. This study demonstrates that this assumption is problematic, arguing that we should understand incapacitation along a continuum, with incarceration at one end. This understanding is important because it allows policy makers to think about new ways to avoid the significant social and fiscal…

Nathan Andrews. Corporations represent a strategic compromise by which ownership is separated from management. This structure has numerous legal and economic benefits; however, the corporate structure is especially adept in diversifying ownership. Shares, a type of security which are also often referred to as stock or common stock, represent a portion of ownership of a corporation. Shares of publicly traded corporations are available for purchase on stock exchanges throughout the world allowing virtually any entity to purchase ownership in a corporation. Typically, shareholders receive various rights through share ownership, including the right to vote for directors, who represent the diversified ownership in major decisions. A corporation’s management generally consists of a chief executive officer and various other officers, as well as intermediate and lower level management who do not necessarily…

Timothy Zick. Some regulations of professional-client communications raise important, but so far largely overlooked, constitutional concerns. Three recent examples of professional speech regulation: restrictions on physician inquiries regarding firearms, “reparative” therapy bans, and compelled abortion disclosures, highlight an important intersection between professional speech and constitutional rights. In each of the three examples, state regulations implicate a non-expressive constitutional right; the right to bear arms, equality, and abortion. States are actively, sometimes even aggressively, using their licensing authority to limit and structure conversations between professionals and their clients regarding constitutional rights. The author contends that government regulation of “professional rights speech” should be subjected to heightened First Amendment scrutiny. Many professionals perform critical, but under- appreciated, functions with regard to the recognition and effective exercise of constitutional rights. Moreover, the author…